How does vocabulary fit in to the Common Core State Standards?
Language Standards
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use:
4. Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases by using context clues, analyzing meaningful word parts, and consulting general and specialized reference materials, as appropriate.
5. Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
6. Acquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering an unknown term important to comprehension or expression.
The Language Standards expect students to:
- Develop vocabulary through a mix of conversations, direct instruction, and reading.
- Determine word meanings, appreciate the nuances of words, and expand knowledge of words and phrases.
- Use formal English in writing and speaking but also make informed, skillful choices among the many ways to express themselves through language.
The integration of vocabulary to listening, speaking, reading, and writing leads to deeper understanding:
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First, students hear vocabulary, and it becomes part of their listening vocabulary.
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| Second, students use the vocabulary in their conversations, and it becomes part of their speaking vocabulary. |
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| Next, students begin to notice pertinent vocabulary in their reading, and it becomes part of their reading vocabulary. |
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| Finally, students use specialized vocabulary in their writing, and it is part of their writing vocabulary. |
Research-Based Vocabulary Lists:
- Fry's 1,000 Instant Words (Fry & Kress, 2007). The 1,000 most frequent words
- Dale's List of 3,000 Words (Chall & Dale, 1995). 3,000 words that most 4th graders know
- Biemiller's Words Worth Teaching in Kindergarten-Grade Two and in Grades Three-Six
- Hiebert's Vocabulary Zones
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